TNF and TNF Receptor Superfamily Members in HIV infection: New Cellular Targets for Therapy?
نویسندگان
چکیده
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptors (TNFR) superfamily members are engaged in diverse cellular phenomena such as cellular proliferation, morphogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune regulation. Their role in regulating viral infections has been well documented. Viruses have evolved with numerous strategies to interfere with TNF-mediated signaling indicating the importance of TNF and TNFR superfamily in viral pathogenesis. Recent research reports suggest that TNF and TNFRs play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV. TNFR signaling modulates HIV replication and HIV proteins interfere with TNF/TNFR pathways. Since immune activation and inflammation are the hallmark of HIV infection, the use of TNF inhibitors can have significant impact on HIV disease progression. In this review, we will describe how HIV infection is modulated by signaling mediated through members of TNF and TNFR superfamily and in turn how these latter could be targeted by HIV proteins. Finally, we will discuss the emerging therapeutics options based on modulation of TNF activity that could ultimately lead to the cure of HIV-infected patients.
منابع مشابه
Targeting TNF and TNF Receptor Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: from Immune Activation to Viral Reservoirs
Several cellular functions such as apoptosis, cellular proliferation, inflammation, and immune regulation involve the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)/TNF receptor (TNFR) pathway. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) interacts with the TNF/TNFR pathway. The activation of the TNF/TNFR pathway impacts HIV-1 replication, and the TNF/TNFR pathway is the target of HIV-1 proteins. A hallmark of HIV-1 ...
متن کاملTNF receptor-associated factor 5 is required for optimal T cell expansion and survival in response to infection.
Receptors belonging to the TNF-receptor (TNF-R) superfamily include important costimulatory molecules, many of which specifically affect T cell activation. TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are recruited to many TNF-R superfamily members and are important modulators of the proximal signaling events that occur at the time of receptor engagement and activation. TRAF5 has been shown to be a ...
متن کاملSymptomatic Reactivation of HSV Infection Correlates with Decreased Serum Levels of TNF-α
Background: Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are human pathogens that establish lytic and latent infections. Reactivation from latency occurs intermittently, which represents a life-long source for recurrent infection. The role of immune factors in the control of recurrent symptomatic HSV lesions is complex and the exact role of cytokines remains unclear. Objective: To assess the levels of tumor ne...
متن کاملComplete ablation of tumor necrosis factor decreases the production of IgA, IgG, and IgM in experimental central nervous system tuberculosis
Objective(s): This study aimed to explore the contribution of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the recruitment of B-cell and secretion of immunoglobulins (Igs) during cerebral tuberculosis (TB).Materials and Methods: In this work, the contributing role of TNF in regulating Ig secretions was investigated by comparing wild type TNF (TNFf/f),...
متن کاملDual Philosophy in Death Receptor Signalling
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is the founding member of a cytokine family with important roles in both, physiology and pathological conditions. The two seemingly opposing cellular responses to stimulation by TNF itself are death and induction of pro-inflammatory signalling. TNF and other TNF superfamily (SF) members signal by crosslinking their cognate receptors. These form part of the TNF recep...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 2013 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013